At the start of 2020, the most striking trend revealed a radical shift of food retailers towards a unified model. Online sales for Kroger (n°5 worldwide) increased by 58% in 2018. Eager to expand dramatically for e-commerce, Kroger partnered with Ocado to set up automated warehouses across the U.S.A. An iconic example of change is Walmart, the global leader. With a turnover of US$514 billion, Walmart is 4 times the size of any closest rival. Unlike Kroger, Walmart anchored an omnichannel strategy on the existing store network. 90% of potential American customers live approximately 15km from one of the 4,700 superstores, which provides a unique advantage. In 2018, the firm invested US$5.4 billion in e-commerce operations. Online sales grew...